An Introduction to The National Language Research Institute:
A Sketch of its Achievements
Third Edition(1988)/
HTML Version(1997)
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II.4.4 Experimental Research into Reading Deficiencies
- An Analysis of Oral Reading Errors
(Report 9, 1955. 283 pages)
For a study of the burden of learning a written language, we
made, in 1952 and 1953, a nationwide questionnaire survey of
the difficulty and deficiency of reading; using tape
recorders, we also examined the children of some schools in
oral reading. This book is a report on the latter study,
which attempted to make clear by experiment what obstacles
school children encounter when they try to read aloud the
written language in textbooks, and to find their causes.
We had school children from the first to the sixth grades
read new language textbooks suitable to their ability, and
taped them in order to find as many kinds of reading errors as
possible and to analyze the causes.
We chose eleven schools in Tiba and Yamanasi Prefectures,
both near Tokyo, and divided the children into three strata
(high, medial, and low) by IQ and by school grades in language
study. We then selected two or three children from each
class for close examination.
1) Repetitions 22.5%
2) Substitutions 18.0%
3) Unnatural pauses 16.4%
4) Incorrect pronunciations 9.5%
5) Difficulties of reading writing symbols 9.3%
These are the results of our survey. By the use of tape
recorders we could make minute analyses again and again, which
could not be done by the usual ways of testing reading.
We thus discovered the kinds, tendency, and frequency of
concrete errors in oral reading. In this book examples of
each error are presented in detail; indeed, these
descriptions are characteristic of this book.
We presume the causes of errors in oral reading to be:
1) on the part of children themselves
2) on the part of the written language
3) on the part of the teaching
This will become data for the improvement of language
teaching.
This survey was made by HIRAI Masao, ZYOKO Kan'iti,
TAKAHASI Susumu, and TERASIMA Ai.
読みの実験的研究−−音読にあらわれた読みあやまりの分析−−
(Report 9, 1955. 283 pages)
For a study of the burden of learning a written language, we
made, in 1952 and 1953, a nationwide questionnaire survey of
the difficulty and deficiency of reading; using tape
recorders, we also examined the children of some schools in
oral reading. This book is a report on the latter study,
which attempted to make clear by experiment what obstacles
school children encounter when they try to read aloud the
written language in textbooks, and to find their causes.
We had school children from the first to the sixth grades
read new language textbooks suitable to their ability, and
taped them in order to find as many kinds of reading errors as
possible and to analyze the causes.
We chose eleven schools in Tiba and Yamanasi Prefectures,
both near Tokyo, and divided the children into three strata
(high, medial, and low) by IQ and by school grades in language
study. We then selected two or three children from each
class for close examination.
1) Repetitions 22.5%
2) Substitutions 18.0%
3) Unnatural pauses 16.4%
4) Incorrect pronunciations 9.5%
5) Difficulties of reading writing symbols 9.3%
These are the results of our survey. By the use of tape
recorders we could make minute analyses again and again, which
could not be done by the usual ways of testing reading.
We thus discovered the kinds, tendency, and frequency of
concrete errors in oral reading. In this book examples of
each error are presented in detail; indeed, these
descriptions are characteristic of this book.
We presume the causes of errors in oral reading to be:
1) on the part of children themselves
2) on the part of the written language
3) on the part of the teaching
This will become data for the improvement of language
teaching.
This survey was made by HIRAI Masao, ZYOKO Kan'iti,
TAKAHASI Susumu, and TERASIMA Ai.
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